Who built the Borobudur Stupa, in Java, Indonesia?
The giant art work for worshiping Buddha that was built in 800 A.D. Does anyone know the people who built it?
Other - Asia Pacific - 2 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
Construction on Borobudur began around 800 C.E. Unfortunately, there are no written documents from that period that describe who constructed the monument, nor the reasons why it was built. However, inscriptions carved above the reliefs on the ‘hidden foot’ of the monument have graphical features similar to those in the script commonly used in royal charters between the last quarter of the eighth century and the first decades of the ninth. The 750-850 period was the "Golden Age" of the Sailendra dynasty that produced a great number of the Hindu and Buddhist monuments of Central Java. For more information, check out this UNESCO document: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0002/000200/020097e.pdf
2 :
it was build in Syailendra dinasty by one of the king of Old Mataram (one of biggest buddha kingdom) by King Samaratungga. this temple has 1460 relief and 504 stupa. this temple has 4 stage.... 1. KAMADATHU --> ground stage symbolizing the human bonder by passion 2. RUPADHATU --> 4th floor higher, symbolizing the human can liberate themself by passion but still bonder by shape 3. ARUPHADATU --> 3rd floor higher, the place that Buddha in the Stupa. Symbolizing the human was independence by passion and shape. The local people believe if you can touch the Buddha by entering your hand in the hole of stupa, you will gift long aged... 4. ARUPA --> the top stage, simbolizing nirvana, the rest place of Buddha... every stage have relief that can be read by walking around from the left of entering door... The relief storied us about Ramayana legend, the life of community in that time, etc. fun fact about this temple, in that time, there is no cement, so we don't know how the people in that time can build tha temple without cement, some researcher say that they use egg white and swallow saliva for replace cement...
Saturday, July 21, 2012
Saturday, July 14, 2012
Which university offers the best electrical engineering undergraduate study in Indonesia
Which university offers the best electrical engineering undergraduate study in Indonesia?
I work at an oil company operating in Venezuela. A fellow at work who is a Sri-Lankan wants to send her son to Indonesia. Her son wanted to study electrical engineering, I'm an electrical engineer graduated from a reputable university in Italy. She doesn't have that much to send her son to Singapore nor Australia (the living cost & tuition fee are unaffordable for her - she's just a crane instructor). The Indian Institute of Technology has limited the allocation of international students. So she planned to send him to Indonesia or Thailand. Their choices were the engineering faculties in university of Indonesia or bandung technological university. I haven't even heard one of them. But, I once read an interesting electrical engineering research (www.ieee.org) journal about lightning strikes written by a professor in bandung tech. But when I surf through the internet the bandung tech univ seems to be never exists. I'm just curious.
Indonesia - 9 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
The best university of any technical major in Indonesia is by no doubt ITB, the Institut Teknologi Bandung. Yup, Bandung technological university. It was even accredited as one of the best university in Indonesia. The competition to enter this university is a bit hard, even for Indonesian, so good luck on that. The other option might be in the neighboring country, Singapore, NTU, Nanyang technological University, It was in the top 200 best university in the world, so this is my recomendation. The living cost should not be that high, but if your friend cannot afford it, then ITB is the best option. if you cannot find it through the net, it might be because you searched it in english, try to google ITB bandung, it's there. here's the link : http://www.itb.ac.id/ the thing is, I'm not sure if the subjects are taught in english, try to confirm about that. However, the UI (university of Indonesia) has international program. http://www.ui.ac.id/
2 :
ITB would be the wisest choice. For alternative, you can try private uni such as Satya Wacana Christian University in a cool mountain town of Salatiga in Central Java. Its Electrical Engineering faculty was one of the best in the country my time (up to early 90s). I'm not so sure how it is nowadays though....
3 :
Indonesia and Thailand are good choices for a limited budget, but as someone previously said, if the son is going to ITB, he should learn Bahasa Indonesia first. ITB's EE department doesn't have an international program yet. Before the son go travel and had to learn new language, why not consider scholarship as an option? I am a scholarship student and my late father was stunned when he was informed that he only have to pay my living arrangement and allowance. ;-)
4 :
yup.. ITB is the best here, and think they do have International class now... or your friend's son could learn Bahasa for 6 months prior the study, Bahasa is an easy language to learn. most of my expat friends able to understand Bahasa in 6 months and they didn't take bahasa lessons...
5 :
ITB : Institut Teknologi Bandung Located in Bandung, Java Pero, por estudiar en la Universidad, Australia es mas bien que Indonesia.
6 :
you can go Singapore Nayang Technological University
7 :
Agree, ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) is the best one in it. It is located at Bandung, the capital city of West Java.
8 :
Satya Wacana university in Salatiga - Central Java Province.
9 :
Of course, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) is the best. Check its website www.itb.ac.id
I work at an oil company operating in Venezuela. A fellow at work who is a Sri-Lankan wants to send her son to Indonesia. Her son wanted to study electrical engineering, I'm an electrical engineer graduated from a reputable university in Italy. She doesn't have that much to send her son to Singapore nor Australia (the living cost & tuition fee are unaffordable for her - she's just a crane instructor). The Indian Institute of Technology has limited the allocation of international students. So she planned to send him to Indonesia or Thailand. Their choices were the engineering faculties in university of Indonesia or bandung technological university. I haven't even heard one of them. But, I once read an interesting electrical engineering research (www.ieee.org) journal about lightning strikes written by a professor in bandung tech. But when I surf through the internet the bandung tech univ seems to be never exists. I'm just curious.
Indonesia - 9 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
The best university of any technical major in Indonesia is by no doubt ITB, the Institut Teknologi Bandung. Yup, Bandung technological university. It was even accredited as one of the best university in Indonesia. The competition to enter this university is a bit hard, even for Indonesian, so good luck on that. The other option might be in the neighboring country, Singapore, NTU, Nanyang technological University, It was in the top 200 best university in the world, so this is my recomendation. The living cost should not be that high, but if your friend cannot afford it, then ITB is the best option. if you cannot find it through the net, it might be because you searched it in english, try to google ITB bandung, it's there. here's the link : http://www.itb.ac.id/ the thing is, I'm not sure if the subjects are taught in english, try to confirm about that. However, the UI (university of Indonesia) has international program. http://www.ui.ac.id/
2 :
ITB would be the wisest choice. For alternative, you can try private uni such as Satya Wacana Christian University in a cool mountain town of Salatiga in Central Java. Its Electrical Engineering faculty was one of the best in the country my time (up to early 90s). I'm not so sure how it is nowadays though....
3 :
Indonesia and Thailand are good choices for a limited budget, but as someone previously said, if the son is going to ITB, he should learn Bahasa Indonesia first. ITB's EE department doesn't have an international program yet. Before the son go travel and had to learn new language, why not consider scholarship as an option? I am a scholarship student and my late father was stunned when he was informed that he only have to pay my living arrangement and allowance. ;-)
4 :
yup.. ITB is the best here, and think they do have International class now... or your friend's son could learn Bahasa for 6 months prior the study, Bahasa is an easy language to learn. most of my expat friends able to understand Bahasa in 6 months and they didn't take bahasa lessons...
5 :
ITB : Institut Teknologi Bandung Located in Bandung, Java Pero, por estudiar en la Universidad, Australia es mas bien que Indonesia.
6 :
you can go Singapore Nayang Technological University
7 :
Agree, ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) is the best one in it. It is located at Bandung, the capital city of West Java.
8 :
Satya Wacana university in Salatiga - Central Java Province.
9 :
Of course, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) is the best. Check its website www.itb.ac.id
Saturday, July 7, 2012
Explain to me how the Train’s brake work
Explain to me how the Train’s brake work?
Pople in Indonesia are dumbass so i will ask this to you, American, ( don’t answer like thoose idiots that say “Train aren't different than car" and there came 2nd idiot that copy-paste the answer from the 1st idiot
Rail - 8 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
I believe train brakes are controlled by air pressure, like a large road vehicle such as a lorry or bus. High air pressure is maintained between the wheels and the brakes, which holds the brake pads off the wheels, and when the driver brakes, the air is released, allowing the brake pads to apply. Lots of train systems are often connected to the brakes, such as safety systems, door locking systems etc. If a key system fails, for example a door unlocks, then the train will automatically bleed all air out of the brakes, which will stop the train as a safety measure.
2 :
There are 2 types of train brake: the air brake and the vacuum brake. Both kinds are 'fail safe', that is, they rely on maintaining the air pressure or vacuum to keep the brake off, and if the air supply is interrupted or the vacuum destroyed for any reason, the brakes will activate. The main control for either type of brake is on the driver's console in the cab and usually consists of a lever which when moved in one direction will close the release valve allowing the air or vacuum pump to build the pressure or create the vacuum to take the brakes off, and when moved the other way will release the air or destroy the vacuum, thus bringing on the brakes. Each car in the train is connected by a hose to the next and to the engine. If the train has a guard (conductor) they will also have a brake control. Passenger cars have a lever which can be operated in an emergency. When pulled the lever partially applies the brakes and sounds a warning to the driver. The brake mechanism consists of cylinders, the pistons of which are connected to rods and cranks which in turn are connected to the brakes. Older vehicles have brakes which act on the wheel tread while newer ones have disc brakes or inertia brakes. On a typical British vacuum brake the cylinder is vertical and when the vacuum is created, air pressure from below pushes a piston to the top of the cylinder and the brakes are off. Destroy the vacuum and the piston sinks and the brakes are applied. Each locomotive and car also has a hand brake which is used to immobilise the vehicle when stationary. In the UK and some other countries both types of brakes are in use and locomotives are therefore often fitted with both systems so they can work with either type of train. Light rail vehicles also use a type of brake known as the rheostatic brake. This is where the polarity of the electric motors is reversed so that they become generators instead. The load on the generators slows the car down. The power thus produced is then used partly to activate electromagnetic brakes and partly fed back into the current supply system so it can be used by other vehicles. There is a steep hill in London where trams (street cars) used to run. One would start at the top of the hill on one track and another would start from the bottom on the adjacent track. The descending vehicle had its rheostatic brakes on and the ascending one would use the current produced to help it climb the hill.
3 :
Train brakes tend to be fail safe. They actually work in the opposite way to a car. In a train a cylinder attached to the pressure line pushes the brake off. To apply the brakes you release the pressure and a spring applies the brakes. This means that if the brake systems fail or the high pressure line is broken then the brakes jam hard on. This is very important in event of an accident where the train gets divided. Air brakes in lorries and hydraulics in cars work the other way. The brake is naturally off and you use pressure to apply the brakes. If the line is cut then you have no brakes. Historically trains in Britain used vacuum brakes. These work the same way except that you pump the air out of the brake pipe. The vacuum holds the brake off and you bleed air into the pipe to apply the brakes. The detailed design is quite complicated. In order to make the brakes act quickly they put valves on every coach. When the driver applies the brakes all the valves open to reduce the pressure. A second pressure pipe is used to quickly restore the pressure when the driver takes the brakes off. Some modern trains supplement the mechanical brakes by driving electric generators from the wheel. The electricity is either wasted as heat in resistors in the roof or a clever systems puts it back into the overhead electric wires.
4 :
its mostly the engine brakes but there are also hydraulic brakes like in a car.
5 :
Those people in Indonesia arent so dumb as you think, just because they dont know how a train brake works, lighten up. Freight train air brakes work off air pressure, there is a line connecting all the cars, pressurizing the system. When pressure is reduced in they system it allows air from a tank to move into a cylinder, which pushes a piston actuating the brakes. It is not vacuum although it operates similarly because it is a reduction in air pressure that causes the brakes to apply. It is not fail-safe although it is incredibly reliable it can and does fail.
6 :
In the USA a freight train's brakes work as follows.A brake pipe run the length of the the train.It holds 90 pounds of air(for a freight train,passenger trains run higher brake pipe pressure).Each car has an air tank pressurized to the same pressure as the brake pipe.When an engineer sets the brakes air is removed from the brake pipe.This causes a control valve on the cars to open and let air out of the tank on the car.That air flows to a piston causing the brake shoes to apply on each car.When the brake pipe pressure and the tank pressure equalize the control valve closes.The more air removed from the brake pipe the harder the brakes apply.Once the brakes are set you can't ease off the brakes on a freight train.If you set too much air you have to release the brakes and start over.Passenger trains have what's called graduated release that allows the engineer to ease off the amount of braking force applied to the trains wheels.When the brakes are released the brake pipe pressure rises causing the control valve on the car to release the air pressure in the piston.The control valve also lets air start flowing back to the tank on the car to recharge the tank.The more air you set the longer it takes to recharge the system.Til it's recharged your brakes aren't as effective as they were when you first set the brakes.Of course there's more to it than that but that's basically how they work.
7 :
AIR--THE TWO BLACK HOSE YOU CONNECTED BETWEEN TWO CARS IS A AIR LINE-- EACH CAR HAS A AIR RESIVOIR--WHEN ENGENIER SETS THE BRAKE IN THE ENGINE--AIR RUSHES THROU.GH ALL AIR LINES TO SET BRAKES ON EACH CAR--IF A TRAIN IS A MILE LONG --IT WILL TAKE A MILE OR MORE TO STOP TRAIN---PLEASE DO NOT CROSS A CROSSING WHEN THE GATES ARE DOWN--YOUR CAR CAN GET CAUGHT ON THE TRACKS AND STALL.. IF THE TRAIN HAS LOADS ON EACH CAR IT CAN TAKE MUCH LONGER TO STOP TRAIN.
8 :
There are several types of braking systems used on trains. Disk Brakes as one example. If you own a bike, you already know what it is. A pad that, when applied to the weels, slows down the train. Air Brakes, Similar to disk brakes. The difference is that compressed air is what pushes the pads onto the wheels slowing down the train. Regenerative Braking, uses energy to brake and at the same time, saving that same energy for further use or sending it back into the electrical grid. But at around 5mph, friction brakes take over to bring the train to a halt.
Pople in Indonesia are dumbass so i will ask this to you, American, ( don’t answer like thoose idiots that say “Train aren't different than car" and there came 2nd idiot that copy-paste the answer from the 1st idiot
Rail - 8 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
I believe train brakes are controlled by air pressure, like a large road vehicle such as a lorry or bus. High air pressure is maintained between the wheels and the brakes, which holds the brake pads off the wheels, and when the driver brakes, the air is released, allowing the brake pads to apply. Lots of train systems are often connected to the brakes, such as safety systems, door locking systems etc. If a key system fails, for example a door unlocks, then the train will automatically bleed all air out of the brakes, which will stop the train as a safety measure.
2 :
There are 2 types of train brake: the air brake and the vacuum brake. Both kinds are 'fail safe', that is, they rely on maintaining the air pressure or vacuum to keep the brake off, and if the air supply is interrupted or the vacuum destroyed for any reason, the brakes will activate. The main control for either type of brake is on the driver's console in the cab and usually consists of a lever which when moved in one direction will close the release valve allowing the air or vacuum pump to build the pressure or create the vacuum to take the brakes off, and when moved the other way will release the air or destroy the vacuum, thus bringing on the brakes. Each car in the train is connected by a hose to the next and to the engine. If the train has a guard (conductor) they will also have a brake control. Passenger cars have a lever which can be operated in an emergency. When pulled the lever partially applies the brakes and sounds a warning to the driver. The brake mechanism consists of cylinders, the pistons of which are connected to rods and cranks which in turn are connected to the brakes. Older vehicles have brakes which act on the wheel tread while newer ones have disc brakes or inertia brakes. On a typical British vacuum brake the cylinder is vertical and when the vacuum is created, air pressure from below pushes a piston to the top of the cylinder and the brakes are off. Destroy the vacuum and the piston sinks and the brakes are applied. Each locomotive and car also has a hand brake which is used to immobilise the vehicle when stationary. In the UK and some other countries both types of brakes are in use and locomotives are therefore often fitted with both systems so they can work with either type of train. Light rail vehicles also use a type of brake known as the rheostatic brake. This is where the polarity of the electric motors is reversed so that they become generators instead. The load on the generators slows the car down. The power thus produced is then used partly to activate electromagnetic brakes and partly fed back into the current supply system so it can be used by other vehicles. There is a steep hill in London where trams (street cars) used to run. One would start at the top of the hill on one track and another would start from the bottom on the adjacent track. The descending vehicle had its rheostatic brakes on and the ascending one would use the current produced to help it climb the hill.
3 :
Train brakes tend to be fail safe. They actually work in the opposite way to a car. In a train a cylinder attached to the pressure line pushes the brake off. To apply the brakes you release the pressure and a spring applies the brakes. This means that if the brake systems fail or the high pressure line is broken then the brakes jam hard on. This is very important in event of an accident where the train gets divided. Air brakes in lorries and hydraulics in cars work the other way. The brake is naturally off and you use pressure to apply the brakes. If the line is cut then you have no brakes. Historically trains in Britain used vacuum brakes. These work the same way except that you pump the air out of the brake pipe. The vacuum holds the brake off and you bleed air into the pipe to apply the brakes. The detailed design is quite complicated. In order to make the brakes act quickly they put valves on every coach. When the driver applies the brakes all the valves open to reduce the pressure. A second pressure pipe is used to quickly restore the pressure when the driver takes the brakes off. Some modern trains supplement the mechanical brakes by driving electric generators from the wheel. The electricity is either wasted as heat in resistors in the roof or a clever systems puts it back into the overhead electric wires.
4 :
its mostly the engine brakes but there are also hydraulic brakes like in a car.
5 :
Those people in Indonesia arent so dumb as you think, just because they dont know how a train brake works, lighten up. Freight train air brakes work off air pressure, there is a line connecting all the cars, pressurizing the system. When pressure is reduced in they system it allows air from a tank to move into a cylinder, which pushes a piston actuating the brakes. It is not vacuum although it operates similarly because it is a reduction in air pressure that causes the brakes to apply. It is not fail-safe although it is incredibly reliable it can and does fail.
6 :
In the USA a freight train's brakes work as follows.A brake pipe run the length of the the train.It holds 90 pounds of air(for a freight train,passenger trains run higher brake pipe pressure).Each car has an air tank pressurized to the same pressure as the brake pipe.When an engineer sets the brakes air is removed from the brake pipe.This causes a control valve on the cars to open and let air out of the tank on the car.That air flows to a piston causing the brake shoes to apply on each car.When the brake pipe pressure and the tank pressure equalize the control valve closes.The more air removed from the brake pipe the harder the brakes apply.Once the brakes are set you can't ease off the brakes on a freight train.If you set too much air you have to release the brakes and start over.Passenger trains have what's called graduated release that allows the engineer to ease off the amount of braking force applied to the trains wheels.When the brakes are released the brake pipe pressure rises causing the control valve on the car to release the air pressure in the piston.The control valve also lets air start flowing back to the tank on the car to recharge the tank.The more air you set the longer it takes to recharge the system.Til it's recharged your brakes aren't as effective as they were when you first set the brakes.Of course there's more to it than that but that's basically how they work.
7 :
AIR--THE TWO BLACK HOSE YOU CONNECTED BETWEEN TWO CARS IS A AIR LINE-- EACH CAR HAS A AIR RESIVOIR--WHEN ENGENIER SETS THE BRAKE IN THE ENGINE--AIR RUSHES THROU.GH ALL AIR LINES TO SET BRAKES ON EACH CAR--IF A TRAIN IS A MILE LONG --IT WILL TAKE A MILE OR MORE TO STOP TRAIN---PLEASE DO NOT CROSS A CROSSING WHEN THE GATES ARE DOWN--YOUR CAR CAN GET CAUGHT ON THE TRACKS AND STALL.. IF THE TRAIN HAS LOADS ON EACH CAR IT CAN TAKE MUCH LONGER TO STOP TRAIN.
8 :
There are several types of braking systems used on trains. Disk Brakes as one example. If you own a bike, you already know what it is. A pad that, when applied to the weels, slows down the train. Air Brakes, Similar to disk brakes. The difference is that compressed air is what pushes the pads onto the wheels slowing down the train. Regenerative Braking, uses energy to brake and at the same time, saving that same energy for further use or sending it back into the electrical grid. But at around 5mph, friction brakes take over to bring the train to a halt.
Sunday, July 1, 2012
Can I and my fiancee be married in Indonesia
Can I and my fiancee be married in Indonesia?
We both works here in the Middle East. We planned to travel there on December, but we only got limited time. What kind of paper do we have to prepare regarding the wedding?
Other - Asia Pacific - 2 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
Congradulations. I think you better ask embassy of your country to help you. It's not sth unusual for them. God bless you and your children. Best wishes for all of you.
2 :
Sure you can. Check with the Indonesian Embassy what papers you will need to bring along. Congrats.
We both works here in the Middle East. We planned to travel there on December, but we only got limited time. What kind of paper do we have to prepare regarding the wedding?
Other - Asia Pacific - 2 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
Congradulations. I think you better ask embassy of your country to help you. It's not sth unusual for them. God bless you and your children. Best wishes for all of you.
2 :
Sure you can. Check with the Indonesian Embassy what papers you will need to bring along. Congrats.
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